{"id":201,"date":"2020-03-26T15:31:03","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T10:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bernd32.tk\/blog\/?p=201"},"modified":"2022-03-11T02:32:04","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T21:32:04","slug":"te-form-in-japanese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/?p=201","title":{"rendered":"Te form in Japanese"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>To create the <b>te<\/b> form from a dictionary form, follow these rules:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For <b>ru <\/b>verbs, drop the final \u308b<b>ru <\/b>and add \u3066 <b>te<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>For <b>u <\/b>verbs that end in \u3059<b>su<\/b>, change the final syllable to \u3057\u3066 <b>shite<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>For <b>u <\/b>verbs that end in \u304f<b>ku<\/b>, change the final syllable to \u3044\u3066 <b>ite<\/b>; for <b>u <\/b>verbs that end in<\/li>\n<li>\u3050 <b>gu<\/b>, change the final syllable to \u3044\u3067 <b>ide<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>For <b>u <\/b>verbs that end in \u3046<b>(w)u<\/b>, \u308b <b>ru<\/b>, or \u3064 <b>tsu<\/b>, change these final syllables to \u3063\u3066 <b>tte<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>For <b>u <\/b>verbs that end in \u3080 <b>mu<\/b>, \u306c <b>nu<\/b>, or \u3076 <b>bu<\/b>, change these final syllables to \u3093\u3067 <b>nde<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>Keep in mind that the verb \u3044\u304f <b>iku <\/b>is slightly irregular, and its <b>te <\/b>form is \u3044\u3063\u3066 <b>itte<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>The <b>te <\/b>forms of the irregular verbs \u3059\u308b <b>suru <\/b>and \u304f\u308b <b>kuru <\/b>are \u3057\u3066 <b>shite <\/b>and \u304d\u3066 <b>kite<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<div>The following table shows examples of these rules:<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\"><strong>Ending<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\"><strong>Dictionary Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\"><strong>Te Form<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"161\"><strong>Ru<\/strong> verbs<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">-e\u308b &#8211;<strong>eru<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304b\u3048\u308b <strong>kaeru<\/strong> (change)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304b\u3048\u3066 <strong>kaete<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-i\u308b &#8211;<strong>iru<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304d\u308b<strong>kiru<\/strong> (wear)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304d\u3066 <strong>kite<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"10\" width=\"161\"><strong>U<\/strong> verbs<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u3059 &#8211;<strong>su<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u306f\u306a\u3059 <strong>hanasu<\/strong> (speak)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u306f\u306a\u3057\u3066 <strong>hanashite<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u304f &#8211;<strong>ku<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304b\u304f <strong>kaku<\/strong> (write)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304b\u3044\u3066 <strong>kaite<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u304f &#8211;<strong>ku<\/strong> (exception)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3044\u304f <strong>iku<\/strong> (go)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3044\u3063\u3066 <strong>itte<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u3050 &#8211;<strong>gu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304a\u3088\u3050 <strong>oyogu<\/strong> (swim)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304a\u3088\u3044\u3067 <strong>oyoide<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u3080 &#8211;<strong>mu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3088\u3080 <strong>yomu<\/strong> (read)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3088\u3093\u3067 <strong>yonde<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u306c &#8211;<strong>nu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3057\u306c <strong>shinu<\/strong> (die)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3057\u3093\u3067 <strong>shinde<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u3076 &#8211;<strong>bu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3068\u3076 <strong>tobu<\/strong> (jump)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3068\u3093\u3067 <strong>tonde<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3046 <strong>-(w)u<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304b\u3046 <strong>kau<\/strong> (buy)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304b\u3063\u3066 <strong>katte<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u308b &#8211;<strong>ru<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304d\u308b <strong>kiru<\/strong> (cut)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304d\u3063\u3066 <strong>kitte<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">-\u3064 &#8211;<strong>tsu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u307e\u3064 <strong>matsu<\/strong> (wait)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u307e\u3063\u3066 <strong>matte<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"323\">Irregular verbs<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304f\u308b <strong>kuru<\/strong> (come)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u304d\u3066 <strong>kite<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3059\u308b <strong>suru<\/strong> (do)<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\u3057\u3066 <strong>shite<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<div>Reference:<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><em>Sato, E., 2014. Complete Japanese Grammar. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp.41-42.<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To create the te form from a dictionary form, follow these rules: For ru verbs, drop the final \u308bru and add \u3066 te. For u&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-japanese"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":202,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions\/202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}