{"id":199,"date":"2020-03-25T14:28:37","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T09:28:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bernd32.tk\/blog\/?p=199"},"modified":"2022-03-11T02:30:43","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T21:30:43","slug":"how-to-deduce-the-verb-class-in-japanese-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/?p=199","title":{"rendered":"How to deduce the verb class in Japanese language"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>How to distinguish between ichidan (ru-verb) and godan (u-verb).<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a simple rule: if a verb\u2019s dictionary form does not end in <b>eru <\/b>or <b>iru<\/b>, it is definitely an <b>u <\/b>verb. If it ends in <b>eru <\/b>or <b>iru<\/b>, it can be either a <b>ru <\/b>verb or an <b>u<\/b> verb.<br \/>\nExamples of u-verbs (godan) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u66f8\u304f <b>kaku <\/b>(write)<\/li>\n<li>\u8aad\u3080 <b>yomu <\/b>(read)<\/li>\n<li>\u58f2\u308b <b>uru <\/b>(sell)<\/li>\n<li>\u3068\u308b <b>toru <\/b>(take)<\/li>\n<li>\u306a\u308b <b>naru <\/b>(become)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div>It is helpful to know that most <b>eru\/iru<\/b>-ending verbs are <b>ru <\/b>verbs. So, you can just memorize<\/div>\n<div>a handful of frequently used <b>eru\/iru<\/b>-ending <b>u<\/b> verbs, such as the following:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><b>U<\/b> verbs that end with <b>eru<\/b>:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e30\u308b <b>kaeru <\/b>(return)<\/li>\n<li>\u3057\u3083\u3079\u308b <b>shaberu <\/b>(chat)<\/li>\n<li>\u6e1b\u308b <b>heru <\/b>(decrease)<\/li>\n<li>\u8e74\u308b <b>keru <\/b>(kick)<\/li>\n<li>\u6ed1\u308b <b>suberu <\/b>(slide)<\/li>\n<li>\u7df4\u308b <b>neru <\/b>(knead)<\/li>\n<li>\u7167\u308b <b>teru <\/b>(shine)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div><b>U <\/b>verbs that end with <b>iru<\/b>:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3044\u308b <b>iru <\/b>(need)<\/li>\n<li>\u5165\u308b <b>hairu <\/b>(enter)<\/li>\n<li>\u77e5\u308b <b>shiru <\/b>(get to know)<\/li>\n<li>\u5207\u308b <b>kiru <\/b>(cut)<\/li>\n<li>\u8d70\u308b <b>hashiru <\/b>(run)<\/li>\n<li>\u53c2\u308b <b>mairu <\/b>(go, honorific)<\/li>\n<li>\u714e\u308b <b>iru <\/b>(roast)<\/li>\n<li>\u6563\u308b <b>chiru <\/b>(scatter)<\/li>\n<li>\u6df7\u3058\u308b <b>majiru <\/b>(mix)<\/li>\n<li>\u9650\u308b <b>kagiru <\/b>(limit)<\/li>\n<li>\u306d\u3058\u308b <b>nejiru <\/b>(twist)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div>It is also helpful to know that you can deduce the verb class if you compare the most frequently used two forms\u2014the dictionary form and the masu form. Just remove \u308b ru and \u307e\u3059 masu. If what remains is exactly the same, you can conclude that it is a ru verb. Otherwise, it is an u verb. See the following example:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Dictionary Form<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>masu <\/strong>Form<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>Ru <\/strong>verb<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\"><u>\u304d<\/u>\u308b (wear)<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\"><u>\u304d<\/u>\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>U<\/strong> verb<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\"><u>\u304d<\/u>\u308b (cut)<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\"><u>\u304d\u308a<\/u>\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Reference:<br \/>\n<em>Sato, E., 2014. Complete Japanese Grammar. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp.36-38.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to distinguish between ichidan (ru-verb) and godan (u-verb). Here&#8217;s a simple rule: if a verb\u2019s dictionary form does not end in eru or iru,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-japanese"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=199"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":200,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199\/revisions\/200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernd32.xyz\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}